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For each person with Alzheimer's disease , two controls without the disease were matched by age and sex. Antidepressant use was associated with two times higher risk of hip fracture among controls. However, the relative number of hip fractures was higher among persons with Alzheimer's disease compared to controls. The increased risk was associated with all of the most frequently used antidepressant groups , which were selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI drugs), mirtazapine and selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRI drugs). The association between antidepressant use and the increased risk of hip fracture persisted even after adjusting the results for use of other medication increasing the risk of fall, osteoporosis, socioeconomic status, history of psychiatric diseases, and chronic diseases increasing the risk of fall or fracture. Antidepressants are used not only for the treatment of depression, but also for the treatment of chronic pain and behavior...

Alzheimer's disease is characterised by the progressive destruction of brain cells and their contacts (neurons and synapses). The brains of Alzheimer patients exhibit protein deposits known as amyloid plaques. The symptoms of the disease are memory disorders, disorientation, speech impediments, impaired thinking and judgement, and even personality changes. The likelihood of developing AD increases dramatically with age. The number of people affected is therefore rising along with our increasing life expectancy: An estimated 35 million people in the world have Alzheimer's disease today. By 2030, this number could rise to about 65 million, and by 2050 to over 100 million. It has never been fully explained how the disease develops. It is likely, however, that molecular malformations in brain cells play a crucial role, involving among other molecules the so-called tau proteins. In Alzheimer's patients, tau proteins aggregate into tangles of threadlike structures, called neur...

Concussions speed up Alzheimer's disease-related mind atrophy and cognitive decline for some folks, analysis exhibits. Credit score: © ibreakstock / Fotolia New analysis has discovered concussions speed up Alzheimer's disease-related mind atrophy and cognitive decline in people who find themselves at genetic threat for the situation. The findings, which seem within the journal  Mind , present promise for detecting the affect of concussion on neurodegeneration. Reasonable-to-severe traumatic mind damage is among the strongest environmental threat elements for creating neurodegenerative illnesses equivalent to late-onset Alzheimer's illness, though it's unclear whether or not gentle traumatic mind damage or concussion additionally will increase this threat. Researchers from Boston College Faculty of Medication (BUSM) studied 160 Iraq and ...

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded in 2014 for the discovery of place cells and grid cells -- neurons in a part of the brain called the hippocampal formation that tell us where we are in relation to our surroundings. When we are on the move, these cells chart our starting point. But the way in which our brains direct us to a specific destination has remained an open question. Prof. Nachum Ulanovsky and research student Ayelet Sarel of the Weizmann Institute's Department of Neurobiology, together with their colleagues Drs. Arseny Finkelstein and Liora Las, devised a simple experiment with bats to answer this question. The findings of their research appear in  Science . The experiment took place in a special room in which the Egyptian fruit bats that Prof. Ulanovsky works with can fly around. Tiny tracking devices attached to the bats enabled the researchers to track their flight paths, on the one hand, and record the activities of the neurons in the area...

In what is believed to be the first study of its kind, older adults who scored high on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) tests performed better on memory tasks than those who had low CRF. Further, the more fit older adults were, the more active their brain was during learning. These findings appear in the journal  Cortex . Difficulty remembering new information represents one of the most common complaints in aging and decreased memory performance is one of the hallmark impairments in Alzheimer's disease. Healthy young (18-31 years) and older adults (55-74 years) with a wide range of fitness levels walked and jogged on a treadmill while researchers assessed their cardiorespiratory fitness by measuring the ratio of inhaled and exhaled oxygen and carbon dioxide. These participants also underwent MRI scans which collected images of their brain while they learned and remembered names that were associated with pictures of unfamiliar faces. The researchers found that older adults, ...

The use of benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine-like drugs was associated with an increased risk of any stroke and ischemic stroke, whereas the association with hemorrhagic stroke was not significant. However, due to the small number of hemorrhagic stroke events in the study population, the possibility of such an association cannot be excluded. The findings are important, as benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine-like drugs were not previously known to predispose to strokes or other cerebrovascular events. Cardiovascular risk factors were taken into account in the analysis and they did not explain the association. The findings encourage a careful consideratio n of the use of benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine-like drugs among persons with Alzheimer's disease, as stroke is one of the leading causes of death in this population group. Earlier, the researchers have also shown that these drugs are associated with an increased risk of hip fracture. The study was based on data from a na...

The inexperienced antibody is modified utilizing two parts that bind to the transferrin receptor and allow the antibody to cross via the blood-brain barrier. The parts are positioned in such a means that forestalls them from with the ability to bind concurrently. The position is necessary, as a result of in any other case the antibody wouldn't detach on the far facet of the blood-brain barrier. Credit score: Greta Hultqvist Immunotherapy has confirmed to be efficient in opposition to many severe ailments. However to deal with ailments within the mind, the antibodies should first get previous the impediment of the blood-brain barrier. In a brand new examine, a analysis group at Uppsala College describes their improvement of a brand new antibody design that will increase mind uptake of antibodies nearly 100-fold. Immunotherapy entails therapy with an...

Proteins are essential to the function of every cell. Measuring their properties in blood and other body fluids could unlock valuable information, as the molecules are a vital building block in the body. The body manufactures them in a variety of complex shapes that can transmit messages between cells, carry oxygen and perform other important functions. Sometimes, however, proteins don't form properly. Scientists believe that some types of these misshapen proteins, called amyloids, can clump together into masses in the brain. The sticky tangles block normal cell function, leading to brain cell degeneration and disease. But the processes of how amyloids form and clump together are not well understood. This is due in part to the fact that there's currently not a good way to study them. Researchers say current methods are expensive, time-consuming and difficult to interpret, and can only provide a broad picture of the overall level of amyloids in a patient's system. ...

The study, published in the journal  JAMA Psychiatry , is the first to show the multiplying effects of delirium and dementia in these patients. Episodes of delirium in people who are not known to have dementia , might also reveal dementia at its earliest stages, the research found. While both delirium and dementia are important factors in cognitive decline among the elderly, delirium is preventable and treatable through dedicated geriatric care. Further research is needed to understand exactly how delirium interacts with dementia, and how this could be blocked. "If delirium is causing brain injury in the short and long-term, then we must increase our efforts to diagnose, prevent and treat delirium. Ultimately, targeting delirium could be a chance to delay or reduce dementia" said Dr. Daniel Davis (MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL), who led the research while at the University of Cambridge. Scientists looked at three European populations -- in Finland...

A study describing the findings will be published online Jan. 18 in  Nature . "We've learned astrocytes aren't always the good guys," said the study's senior author , Ben Barres, MD, PhD, professor of neurobiology, of developmental biology and of neurology and neurological sciences. "An aberrant version of them turns up in suspicious abundance in all the wrong places in brain-tissue samples from patients with brain injuries and major neurological disorders from Alzheimer's and Parkinson's to multiple sclerosis. The implications for treating these diseases are profound." Barres, who has spent three decades focusing on brain cells that aren't nerve cells, called the findings "the most important discovery my lab has ever made." Stanford postdoctoral scholar Shane Liddelow, PhD, is the study's lead author. Up to now, the pharmaceutical industry has mostly targeted nerve cells, also known as neurons, Barres said. But a broad...